Total view of India's military and foreign relations

1. Since its independence in 1947, India has maintained cordial relationships with most nations.
2. It took a leading role in the 1950s by advocating the independence of European colonies in Africa and Asia.
3. India was involved in two brief military interventions in neighbouring countries – Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka and Operation Cactus in Maldives.
4. India is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement.
5. After the Sino-Indian War and the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, India's relationship with the Soviet Union warmed and continued to remain so until the end of the Cold War.
6. India has fought two wars with Pakistan over the Kashmir dispute.
7. A third war between India and Pakistan in 1971 resulted in the creation of Bangladesh (then East Pakistan).
8. Additional skirmishes have taken place between the two nations over the Siachen Glacier.
9. In 1999, India and Pakistan fought an undeclared war over Kargil.
10. In recent years, India has played an influential role in the SAARC, and the WTO
11. India has provided as many as 55,000 Indian military and police personnel to serve in thirty-five UN peace keeping operations across four continents.
12. Despite criticism and military sanctions, India has consistently refused to sign the CTBT and the NPT, preferring instead to maintain sovereignty over its nuclear program.
13. Recent overtures by the Indian government have strengthened relations with the United States, China and Pakistan.
14. In the economic sphere, India has close relationships with other developing nations in South America, Asia and Africa.
15. India maintains the third-largest military force in the world, which consists of the Indian Army, Navy, Air Force and auxiliary forces such as the Paramilitary Forces, the Coast Guard, and the Strategic Forces Command.
16. The President of India is the supreme commander of the Indian Armed Forces.
17. India maintains close defence cooperation with Russia, Israel and France, who are the chief suppliers of arms.
18. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) oversees indigenous development of sophisticated arms and military equipment, including ballistic missiles, fighter aircraft and main battle tanks, to reduce India's dependence on foreign imports.
19. India became a nuclear power in 1974 after conducting an initial nuclear test, Operation Smiling Buddha and further underground testing in 1998.
20. India maintains a "no first use" nuclear policy.
21. On 10 October, 2008 Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement was signed, prior to which India received IAEA and NSG waivers, ending restrictions on nuclear technology commerce with which India became de facto sixth nuclear power in world.

Indian Army inducts first indigenous T-90 tanks

The first batch T-90 tanks manufactured in India under license from Russia were on Monday handed over to the Indian Army.

After a delay of one year, the first batch rolled out of the Heavy Vehicles Factory (HVF) in Avadi. The batch of 10 tanks was inducted into the army at a function in Avadi by Minister of State for Defence MM Pallam Raju.

The licensed production of the tanks has been kicked off only after a stalemate with Russia over transfer of technology was resolved.

After concern expressed by the Indian establishment over delay in execution of various defence deals, including T-90 tanks, Russia has reassured India that the delivery will now be on schedule.

Delays in the manufacturing of the indigenous Arjun main battle tank and Pakistan's decision to purchase the T-80 from Ukraine prompted India to order 310 T-90s in 2001. Of these, 186 were assembled from kits at the Heavy Vehicles Factory at Avadi, near Chennai.

An agreement was also signed for the licensed production of another 1,000 T-90s. This, however, was delayed due to Russia's reluctance to transfer technology, prompting India to purchase another 300 tanks from Russia last year.

However, the localised production of the tanks had not begun till 2008.

"Last year, we did not make a single tank. At least, a beginning has been made," an official said.

ATV project - Indigenous Nuke Sub marine

India’s first indigenous nuclear-powered submarine will be launched at Vishakapatnam for trial on July 26.

The top-secret ‘Advanced Technology Vessel’ (ATV) project will re-induct India into the exclusive club of five countries that operate nuclear submarines, called silent killers for their extensive ability to remain under water because of nuclear-powered engines unlike the diesel electric versions that have to come up to recharge their batteries and thus stand a greater chance of being spotted.

India briefly used a nuclear submarine leased by Russia from 1988 to 1991. Since then it has been trying to build one of its own. It has signed an agreement for the transfer of a couple of nuclear-powered Russian Akula class submarines, one of which is likely to be inducted by the Indian Navy this year itself.

Indian Coast Guard

यार सुशिल तुने आर्मी, एयरफोर्स , नेवी के बारे में बता दिया लेकिन कोअस्तल गार्ड के बारे में नही बताया
चल मई बता देता हु ।

• The Indian Coast Guard is the fourth Armed force of India created to guard Republic of India's vast coastline
• similar to the other Para Military Forces of India such as the Border Security Force (BSF) and the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) which are all constituted as 'Armed Forces' of India (so is the Indian Coast Guard)
• Its primary objective is to guard India's vast coastline and operates under the effective control of the Ministry of Defense.
• The coast guard works closely with the Indian Navy and the Indian Customs Department, Fisheries department and the Police.
• India's coast guard has a large number of fast craft including hovercrafts and hydrofoils.
• They patrol the seas and river mouths.
• Heavy patrolling of sensitive areas such as Gujarat, West Bengal and Mumbai have resulted in the nabbing of a large number of smugglers and illegal immigrants.
• The major historic achievements of the service include the first ever recapture of a pirated ship at high seas, the MV Alondra rainbow.

After the 2008 Mumbai attacks, decision was taken to improve the service by providing more assets and setting up nine more stations.^[1]

Its responsibilities include:

• Enforcing the provisions of enactment in force in the maritime zones.

• Assisting the Customs and other authorities in anti-smuggling operations.

• To preserve & protect the marine environment and control marine pollution.

• Measures for safety of life and property at sea including aid to mariners in distress.

• Ensuring the safety & protection of artificial islands, offshore terminals and other installations in MR zones

• Assist the Indian Navy in times of war.

Motto: Vayam Rakshaamah -- "We Protect" in Sanskrit. (It is seen in Devanagari script on the coat of arms.)

History

• In 1974, the Government of India set out to create an autonomous coast guard to protect the nation's long coast line.
• modelled on the lines of the British (HMCG) and American (USCG) coast guards.
• An interim Indian Coast Guard was set up on February 1, 1977 equipped with modern weaponry and quick sea craft with the help of the Indian Navy.
• In 2006, the Indian Coast Guard conducted exercises with Japanese and Korean counterparts.
• In May 2005, the Indian Coast Guard agreed to set up liaison links with Pakistan Coast Guard which is formally known as the MSA Maritime Security Agency.

Rank Structure

Coast Guard Rank Structure	Equivalent Indian Navy Rank Structure
Director General	Vice Admiral
Inspector General	Rear Admiral
Deputy Inspector General+	Commodore
Deputy Inspector General	Captain
Commandant	Commander
Commandant (Junior Grade)	Commander
Deputy Commandant	Lieutenant Commander
Assistant Commandant	Lieutenant
Assistant Commandant†	Acting Lieutenant
Assistant Commandant◊	Midshipman

Bases

• three Regional Headquarters at Mumbai, Chennai, and Port Blair
• one District headquarters in each of the nine coastal states and 2 in the Union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands.
• Twenty nine Coast Guard stations^[2] at places like Vadinar, Haldia, Kakinada, Okha, Tuticorin and Mandapam.
• two air bases, in Daman and Chennai
• Air enclaves at Goa, Kolkata and Port Blair.
• A new station has been recently commissioned in Pondicherry

Surface vessels ( 83 are in service )

Ship Class	Type	Origin	Displacement	In service	Notes
In Service:
Sankalp class	Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel	India	2300 tons	2	[4]
Samar class	Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel	India	2005 tons	4
Vikram class	Offshore Patrol Vessel		1220 tons	9
Samudra class	Pollution Control Vessel(PCV)	India	3300 tons	3
Jijabai Class	Inshore Patrol Vessels		200 tons	15
Vadyar Class	Interceptor Craft		2.4 tons	8
Bristol Class	Interceptor Craft		5.5 tons	4
	Interceptor Boat	India	49 tons	10
	Fast Patrol Vessel		215 tons	8
	Extra Fast Patrol Vessel (XFPV)	India	270 tons	7
	Seaward Defence Boat		203 tons	2
	Inshore Patrol Craft	Republic of Korea	32 tons	5
	Air Cushion Vehicle (Hovercraft)	United Kingdom	N.A.	6
Under Construction/Order:
Sankalp Class	Advanced Offshore Patrol Vessel	India	2230 tons	1 being built
Vishwast class	Offshore Patrol Vessel	India	1800 tons	1 launched + 2 on order	[5]
	Inshore Patrol Vessel	India	275 tons	2 being built + 3 on order
	Interceptor Boat	India	75 tons	1 being built + 5 on order

BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INDIAN ARMY

COMMAND STRUCTURE OF INDIAN ARMY.

Northern Command, HQ at Udhampur

Western Command, HQ at Chandimandir

South Western Command, HQ at Jaipur

Central Command, HQ at Lucknow

Southern Command, HQ at Pune

Eastern Command, HQ at Kolkata.

Each command is headed by an officer of rank 'Lt. General' called Army Commander or General Officer Commanding in Chief, the Command(GOC-in-C)

In addition to the above, there is another Command, the training Command with HQ at Simla.

The ranks of officers in Indian Army in descending order:

Field Marshal(not a regular rank. Only Gen Manekshaw and Gen Cariappa have been designated as Field Marshals till now)

General(Chief of the army)

Lt.General(commands a Command or a Corps)

Major General(commands a Division)

Brigadier(commands a brigade or a station)

Colonel(commands a battalion)

Lt.Colonel

Major(commands a company)

Captain

Lieutenant(commands a platoon)

The various corps and their HQ with the corresponding Command in paranthesis:

1 Corps HQ at Mathura(CC)

2 Corps HQ at Ambala(WC)

3 Corps HQ at Dimapur(EC)

4 Corps HQ at Tezpur(EC)

9 Corps HQ at Pathankot(WC)

10 Corps HQ at Bhatinda(WC)

11 Corps HQ at Jalandhar(WC)

12 Corps HQ at Jodhpur(SC)

14 Corps HQ at Leh(NC)

15 Corps HQ at Srinagar(NC)

16 Corps HQ at Nagrota(NC)

21 Corps HQ at Bhopal(SC)

33 Corps HQ at Siliguri(EC)

(*Corps is pronounced as CORE*)

BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INDIAN AIRFORCE

MOTTO: ‘NABHA SPRUSHAM DEEPTHAM’ (taken from Bhagavadgita meaning touching the sky with glory)

Indian Air force was established in 1932. It became Royal Indian air force in 1945 after its stupendous show in the Second World War. Subsequently after India became a republic, it dropped the prefix ‘Royal’.

COMMAND STRUCTURE OF INDIAN AIRFORCE.

Western Air Command, HQ at Delhi

South Western Air Command, HQ at Gandhinagar

Central Air Command, HQ at Allahabad

Southern Air Command, HQ at Thiruvananthapuram

Eastern Air Command, HQ at Shillong

Each Command is headed by an officer of rank Air Marshal called Air Officer Commanding in Chief, (AOC-in-C)

In addition to the above, there are two other Commands, the training Command with HQ at Bangalore and Maintenance Command at Nagpur

The ranks of officers in Indian Air force in descending order:

Marshal of the Air force (not a regular rank. Only MIAF Arjan Singh been designated as Marshal of the Air force till now)

Air Chief Marshal(Chief of the Air force)

Air Marshal

Air Vice Marshal

Air Commodore

Group Captain

Wing commander

Squadron leader

Flight Lieutenant

Flying Officer

BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT INDIAN NAVY

MOTTO: ‘SHANO VARUNA’ (meaning ‘May the Lord of oceans be auspicious unto us’)

COMMAND STRUCTURE OF INDIAN NAVY.

Western Naval Command, HQ at Mumbai
Southern Naval Command, HQ at Kochi
Eastern Naval Command, HQ at Vishakhapatnam

Each Command is headed by an officer of rank Vice Admiral called Flag Officer Commanding in Chief (FOC-in-C).

The ranks of officers in Indian Navy in descending order:
Admiral of the Fleet (not a regular rank. No officer of the Indian navy ever given this honour)

Admiral(Chief of the Navy)
Vice-Admiral
Rear Admiral
Commodore
Captain
Commander
Lieutenant Commander
Lieutenant
Sub Lieutenant

INS ARIHANT

“India became 6^th country to launch Nucleared Powered Submarine: INS ARIHANT”

India became 6^th country to launch Nuclear power submarine today at Eastern Naval command headquarters in Vishakhapatnam.

The name of submarine is INS-ARIHANT.

ARIHANT is Hindi word which means “Destroyer of the Enemy”.

This is first indigenously designed and built nucleared powered submarine in India.

INS-ARIHANT will be operational by 2011.

Earlier this type of submarine is launched by China, Britain, Russia, USA and France.

Few Features of Submarine are:-

Built under Advance Technology Vessel project with total cost of 2.9 Billion $.

5000 tones in weight, 100 mts length submarine.

12 K15 ballistic missiles named SAGARIKA with range of 750 kms.

80 MW Nuclear reactors which is Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR).

Can attend 22 Knots speed.

Can target on sky, space and deep into the water.

Can stay underwater for month.

Can fire under icecap.

This project was jointly developed by Indian Navy and DRDO.